Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is rapidly gaining recognition as a climate-resistance cereal that could be suitable in low-input and drought prone farming systems and in ecologically vulnerable systems. The increased relevance is motivated by the fact that world requires crops that can support food and nutritional security amidst climatic and resource limitation. In this chapter, the authors summarize the existing knowledge on its taxonomy, phenology, physiological efficiency, biochemical defense mechanisms, ecological benefits and agronomic performance in marginal environments. It further describes the important practices that are oriented to mitigation to include conservation agriculture principles of minimal disturbance soil, retention of residues, and diversified rotations, enhanced nutrient management and stress-reducing mechanisms with osmolytes, antioxidants and molecular networks that control drought resistance and nutrient-use efficiency. The chapter also identifies remote-sensing tools such as Normalized Difference Vegetable Index, Enhanced Vegetable Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, and Photochemical Reflectance Index, which have been used to measure the crop vigor, water status, and stress dynamics. Previous research evidence demonstrates that with refinement, notable productivity and ecological benefits have been obtained. The combination of farmyard manure with seed priming showed a 41.7% grain yield increase, 0.48–0.62% soil organic carbon increase and 32.9% microbial biomass carbon increase. Cowpea intercropping increased the grain yield by 34.5% and improved the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by 19.8, 14.6 and 11.2%, respectively. The organic Kodo millet systems minimized carbon footprint of 54.2% and nearly doubled the energy-use efficiency. The future directions are further genome-editing methods and digital phenotyping increased to increase cultivar development and resilience.