Little millet (Panicum miliare) is one of small millets with climate resilience, high nutritional value and tolerance to drought. It has great potential to improve food security especially in marginal, rain-fed and climate stressed agro-ecosystems. Little millet is a yield stabilizer crop because of its short growth cycle (70–90 days), adaptability to a variety of soils and C4 photosynthetic efficiency. Research on genetic resources, breeding and genomics have created better cultivars that have a better yield, stress resistance and nutritional value. The main objective of this chapter is to evaluate role of little millet in sustainable food systems by using different climate resilient cropping systems. For this purpose, an analytical approach with integrating research studies on little millet incorporation in different farming regimes was used. These studies used variety of cropping methods such as crop rotation, intercropping and conservation agriculture which increased efficiency of land-use, ecological sustainability and climate resilience. Field studies indicate that little millet has water use efficiency values ranging from 3.5–4.8 kg grain/mm in drylands. Multi-stress trials also reported that yields of 0.8–1.2 t/ha under combined drought and heat conditions. Measurable improvements are also noticed in soil carbon (0.10–0.28 t C/ha/year) in rotation systems. Overall, strategic intervention in breeding, value chain development, policy support and consumer awareness can open the full potential of little millet and make it a central part of resilient, nutrient-rich and sustainable food systems7.