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The impacts of heavy metals (HMs) or potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Jizera Mountain in Czechia cannot be neglected because it negatively affects the land use/land cover (LULC). This work is focused on modeling and mapping the concentration and distribution of HMs using GIS and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The soil samples were collected and processed for laboratory analysis. In the laboratory, the presence of elements in the soil was extracted using the aqua regia standard method to estimate their exact total content. A universal standardardized addition technique was adopted for the quality control (QC) of the method. The result showed the following order in terms of the LULC, the hierarchical order of high HMs concentrations was mineral extraction and industrial sites > coniferous forest > broad-leaved forest > mixed forest > pastures > agricultural land. The LULC with low HMs concentrations showed the following order: natural grasslands > inland marshes > sparse vegetation areas > moors and heathlands > peat bogs > fruit trees and berry plantations > road and rail networks > airports. The result of the modeling indicated that Mn (75.7%), Pb (72.2%), and Cu (70.2%) showed the highest factor accumulations for factors 3, 4, and 6, respectively. Iron (59.4%) and Cr (34.4%) accounted for the highest contribution for factor 1. The PMF model revealed substantial variability between the observed and predicted concentrations of the HMs investigated. The heterogeneity was higher for Pb, Fe, and Mn concentrations. For example, the highest observed concentration for Pb was 340 mg kg−1, while the highest predicted concentration was less than 210 mg kg−1. The predicted concentration for Iron was 22,500 mg kg−1, which was 1500 mg kg−1 higher than the observed concentration. The finding proved that the Jizera Mountain is within the “Black Triangle” and could be prone to pollution from past industrial activities. The results might add to key information for the investigation and management of pollution in Czechia and European land and the soil status of forests and agricultural soils. Moreover, the results might support decision-makers in sustainable farming and forestry for a healthier ecosystem.

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Modeling the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Jizera Mountain, One of the ‘Black Triangle’ Regions of Europe

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Samuel Kudjo Ahado,
  • Chukwudi Nwaogu,
  • Luboš Borůvka

摘要

The impacts of heavy metals (HMs) or potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Jizera Mountain in Czechia cannot be neglected because it negatively affects the land use/land cover (LULC). This work is focused on modeling and mapping the concentration and distribution of HMs using GIS and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The soil samples were collected and processed for laboratory analysis. In the laboratory, the presence of elements in the soil was extracted using the aqua regia standard method to estimate their exact total content. A universal standardardized addition technique was adopted for the quality control (QC) of the method. The result showed the following order in terms of the LULC, the hierarchical order of high HMs concentrations was mineral extraction and industrial sites > coniferous forest > broad-leaved forest > mixed forest > pastures > agricultural land. The LULC with low HMs concentrations showed the following order: natural grasslands > inland marshes > sparse vegetation areas > moors and heathlands > peat bogs > fruit trees and berry plantations > road and rail networks > airports. The result of the modeling indicated that Mn (75.7%), Pb (72.2%), and Cu (70.2%) showed the highest factor accumulations for factors 3, 4, and 6, respectively. Iron (59.4%) and Cr (34.4%) accounted for the highest contribution for factor 1. The PMF model revealed substantial variability between the observed and predicted concentrations of the HMs investigated. The heterogeneity was higher for Pb, Fe, and Mn concentrations. For example, the highest observed concentration for Pb was 340 mg kg−1, while the highest predicted concentration was less than 210 mg kg−1. The predicted concentration for Iron was 22,500 mg kg−1, which was 1500 mg kg−1 higher than the observed concentration. The finding proved that the Jizera Mountain is within the “Black Triangle” and could be prone to pollution from past industrial activities. The results might add to key information for the investigation and management of pollution in Czechia and European land and the soil status of forests and agricultural soils. Moreover, the results might support decision-makers in sustainable farming and forestry for a healthier ecosystem.