Ever since the beginning of bronchoscopy in 1897 with Gustav Killian and noninvasive extrathoracic mechanical ventilation with an iron lung in 1929 with Philip Drinker, there have been many applications that have seen the two methods used simultaneously. Rigid bronchoscopy, mostly used for interventions mainly involving the trachea and the main bronchi, such as bronchial unblocking and recanalization, Laser Therapy, aspiration of thick secretions, removal of foreign bodies, placement or revision of stents, the control of blood loss from the airways, used the “poncho” or “cuirass” as ventilatory support. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, being flexible, with a reduced caliber and more ductile in use, has had wider fields of application and has been able to use all types of machines providing extrathoracic ventilation, including the iron lung. The possibility of reaching more peripherally positioned bronchi and the greater ease of use has made fiberoptic bronchoscopy of daily use in Pulmonology, in Pediatry, in the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) and in the Intensive Care Unit, (ICU) including its use, as a guide tube, for orotracheal intubation undergoing NPV.