Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising energy-harvesting technology, attracting considerable attention due to their vast potential in sustainable power generation and self-powered sensing systems. The electrical output and mechanical durability of TENGs are strongly influenced by key factors such as device architecture, surface micro−/nanostructure, and the choice of triboelectric materials. Extensive research efforts have therefore focused on optimizing these parameters to enhance device efficiency and reliability. Notably, significant performance improvements in TENGs have been achieved through bioinspired design strategies, which emulate natural structures, surface textures, material functionalities, and biological energy conversion or sensing mechanisms. By mimicking these naturally optimized systems, TENGs can achieve higher charge density, improved contact efficiency, and enhanced adaptability. Furthermore, the simple configuration, self-powered operation, and tunable electrical output of TENGs have enabled their integration into a broad range of biomimetic applications, including wearable electronics, artificial skins, and environmental sensing platforms. This chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in bioinspired TENGs and TENG-enabled biomimetic systems. It begins with an overview of nature-inspired TENG designs reported in the literature, followed by a comparative discussion of different device structures, surface morphologies, and triboelectric materials derived from biological inspiration, along with the resulting performance enhancements. In addition, various natural power generation and ubiquitous sensing mechanisms are examined and correlated with their artificial TENG counterparts, highlighting the effectiveness of bioinspired approaches in advancing next-generation energy harvesting and sensing technologies.