This chapter explores Africa’s electrification dynamics, emphasizing that merely providing electricity does not automatically lead to job creation and economic growth. It discusses the “family versus firms” debate, showing how household-focused electricity demand and limited productive use of electricity restrict utility revenue and hinder development. The chapter also examines the financial and institutional challenges faced by public utilities, the political economy influencing electrification results, and the role of regional and continental frameworks in promoting access. Additionally, it considers electrification as a growing commercial activity integrated into global supply chains, raising important policy concerns about import dependence and domestic value addition. Building on these insights, the chapter advocates for a nuanced understanding of why electricity access in Africa must be paired with productive use, governance reforms, and tailored policy solutions to promote sustainable development—rather than just extending new electricity connections.