Dynamic models for assessing and forecasting the structural stability of socio-economic systems of Russia and China in the context of the impact of academic migration have been developed and tested, with an emphasis on young scientists as a key component of scientific human capital. Using a comprehensive methodological apparatus, including system dynamics, analysis of the operating environment, neural network modeling, risk assessment methods and scenario forecasting, the study reveals critical relationships in the system “migration flows - resource potential - socio-economic stability”. The constructed mathematical models made it possible to quantitatively assess the negative impact of migration outflow on the scientific and technical potential and forecast its dynamics, substantiate the tools of state policy for preserving scientific human capital and propose the architectonics of adaptive mechanisms to increase the stability of intelligent systems in the context of global instability.