This chapter explores Smart Water Management Systems (SWMS), which integrate Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and renewable energy technologies to address escalating global water challenges. With over 2.4 billion people residing in water-scarce regions and projections indicating this figure could double by 2025, the need for innovative water management solutions is critical. This chapter synthesizes findings from recent research work, examining the transition from traditional to SWM approaches. The layered architecture of SWMS comprising sensor networks, communication protocols, data processing, intelligence systems, and control mechanisms enables comprehensive monitoring and optimization of water resources. Results demonstrate remarkable improvements across applications: IoT-based leak detection models achieved up to 95.4% accuracy; smart irrigation systems reduced water consumption by 30% while increasing crop yields by up to 15%; and AI algorithms predicted water quality indices with 99.8% accuracy. Cost-benefit analyses revealed substantial returns: large-scale wastewater recycling projects demonstrated Net Present Values of US$159.97 million with Benefit-Cost Ratios of 4.34, while agricultural revenue increased from US$0.47 million to US$1.78 million following implementation. System deployment costs remain accessible, with complete IoT-based irrigation solutions developed for approximately US$215. Future research must address sensor reliability challenges, interoperability issues, and security concerns while developing affordable modular systems for resource-limited regions and integrated approaches that combine technical solutions with policy frameworks.