Resilience and Spatial Justice in Urban Waterscapes: A GIS-Based Analysis of Sylhet City, Bangladesh
摘要
Urban waterscapes provide significant social, economic, and environmental advantages; however, inequities in their distribution and accessibility compromise social equity and resilience within rapidly urbanising areas. This study utilises Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyse spatial disparities in the accessibility of waterbodies throughout Sylhet, Bangladesh, a monsoon city undergoing severe loss of blue spaces. Examining the influence of residential density, waterbody stability, and total waterbody area, our findings identify four distinct pathways to resilience shaped by spatial heterogeneity: (1) density-driven revitalisation within urban centres, (2) hydrological fragmentation occurring in transformed floodplains, (3) isolation-preserved functionality evident in outlying zones, and (4) topography-imposed efficiency limitations in hilly regions. Notably, regions characterised by elevated population densities experience a pronounced acceleration in blue space loss. In contrast, peripheral zones maintain waterbodies that remain inaccessible due to shortcomings in planning, despite showing higher stability metrics. Case studies of successful urban revitalisation initiatives illustrate how context-responsive interventions can transform urban pressures into opportunities for stewardship. We advocate for the implementation of terrain-adaptive design principles to guide equitable governance of waterscapes, arguing that achieving spatial justice in urban resilience requires embracing shaped by spatial heterogeneity, rather than ignoring it.