Tire burst is one of the specific risks of civil aircraft. When a tire burst occurs, the high-speed debris thrown over a wide area can puncture the structure of the aircraft, damage the internal precision instruments, and bring inestimable injure. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the safety of the airplane body under the impact of tire debris. The impact test was carried out on the 1.2 mm aluminum alloy sheet with the high-speed tire debris. Meanwhile, it is simulated by LS-DYNA model, and the simulation results fit well with the experimental data. The restart analysis method is used to study the dynamic residual strength of the aluminum alloy sheet after being impacted, and the relationship between the structural energy absorption characteristics and the critical speed of the residual dynamic strength of the material is obtained. This characteristic of the material can provide guidance for the structural optimization design of aviation aircraft.