A Hybrid Federated Learning Architecture with Teacher-Student Framework for Privacy-Preserving AI
摘要
Personalized AI offers transformative user experiences yet introduces a fundamental conflict with data privacy regulations and user trust. Current models are all centralized and require access to sensitive user data, while standard FL typically suffers from poor performance on new tasks due to the so-called “cold start” problem. In this work, we introduce a novel hybrid federated learning architecture that resolves this tension. Our framework introduces a “teacher-student” dynamic wherein a powerful central “Teacher AI” generates synthetic data to guide a global model; this global model, in turn, learns from many on-device “Local Student AIs” that are efficiently fine-tuned using Low-Rank Adaptation without exposing raw user data. To prove the viability of such an architecture, we develop a proof-of-concept implementation for text summarization. Our results demonstrate that a hybrid approach significantly improves the performance compared to standard FL. This architecture provides a generalizable and privacy-preserving pathway toward building powerful, continuously improving AI systems.