Our ability to navigate through the environment forms the bedrock of many of our essential, everyday behaviors. Given this ecological importance, it is perhaps not surprising that we have dedicated neural tissue supporting navigation, including the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) as well as the retrosplenial complex (RSComp) (also known as the medial place area), occipital place area (OPA), and superior parietal lobule (SPL) in neocortex. Recently, it has been proposed that each of these regions may support a distinct role in adult human navigation, with MTL and RSComp involved in “map-based navigation” and OPA and SPL involved in “visually guided navigation.” Despite advances in understanding how these brain regions support navigation in adulthood, surprisingly little is known about how they develop. To address this gap, the limited body of literature on the development of MTL and RSComp, and their involvement in map-based navigation, is reviewed in this chapter. In addition, a novel, and perhaps counterintuitive, hypothesis is proposed; namely, that map-based navigation (including MTL and RSComp) emerges early, by at least five years of age. Thereafter, the few studies available on the development of OPA and its involvement in visually guided navigation are reviewed, and a further hypothesis is advanced that OPA and its involvement in visually navigation develops late, possibly in a discontinuous manner, and does not emerge until around eight years of age.