Navigation occurs across many modes and scales of travel, ranging from tiny microbes that move micrometers to globe-trotting sea turtles that cross the Earth’s oceans. How animals traverse across complex terrain or featureless oceans or deserts, or find their way home after a foraging trip, has long fascinated and puzzled observers in equal measure. Because successful navigation is essential to survival, understanding its mechanisms has been a major goal for researchers in biology, neuroscience, psychology, and robotics.