Increased dynastic and geopolitical competition among emerging new states generated a rapid transformation of sixteenth-century Europe. In this uncertain and ever-changing environment, reliable intelligence was crucial to strategic decision-making and became an essential feature in foreign policy. Earlier research shows that efficient new intelligence organizations developed in several European states, such as England, Spain, Venice, Austria, the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire during this period. This book has shown that the Swedish state of the early Vasas also pursued extensive and systematic intelligence activities. Even though the founder of this dynasty, Gustav Vasa, did not necessarily ‘invent’ Swedish intelligence, he expanded this organization into something qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of his predecessors.