Chirality is a fundamental concept in molecular science and plays a critical role in chemistry, biology, and pharmaceutical research. The stereochemistry of a chiral compound can greatly influence its chemical behavior, physical characteristics, and biological activity. This is especially significant in drug design, where enantiomers may exhibit markedly different therapeutic effects, metabolic pathways, and toxicity profiles. Consequently, the ability to identify absolute configuration and determine enantiomeric purity has become essential. The increasing demand for enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals has accelerated progress in asymmetric synthesis, catalysis, and chiral analytical methodologies. Advances in stereoselective bioanalysis now enable researchers to investigate how individual enantiomers contribute to pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, improving safety and therapeutic performance. Despite these developments, many commercial chiral products continue to be marketed as racemic mixtures, even though only one enantiomer may be beneficial. This chapter introduces the concept of chirality recognition, highlights its relevance across scientific disciplines, and emphasizes its impact on drug discovery, biological specificity, and stereochemical control in synthesis.