Wastewater treatment prior to discharge plays a vital role in ensuring access to clean water, which is essential for the survival of communities across the globe. Conventionally, the treatment of wastewaters rich in nutrients and other toxic elements are achieved by utilizing activated sludge and biological nutrient removal technologies or else by various chemical methods. However, these processes can be expensive, labor intensive and overly reliant on nonrenewable energy resources. Recent research indicates that a possible solution to this problem is phytoremediation of wastewaters, which is an eco-friendly technology based on aquatic macrophytes application. Specifically, aquatic macrophytes species such as Azolla Lamarck, Lemna L., Spirodela Schleid, Wolfia Horkel ex Schleid, and Wolfiella have shown great promise in phytoremediation, by either inactivating harmful metals within the system or by removing and moving pollutants to their aerial components. Efficient water usage as well as effective wastewater management contribute to sustainable water management by reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution, and enhancing resource recovery Wastewater treatment may contribute to achieving several United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals such as SDG 6, SDG 12, SDG 13, and SDG 14. This chapter provides an overview of the specific capabilities of aquatic macrophytes and their importance in water treatment and resource recovery.