Population growth, urbanization, and industrialization are major contributors to the increasing production of wastewater. Globally, approximately 360 billion m3 of wastewater is generated annually, with India contributing around 732 million m3. It is projected that wastewater production will increase by 35% compared to current levels. However, only 30–40% of the total wastewater is treated, while the remaining untreated wastewater is discharged into rivers, lakes, and other water bodies. This untreated sludge water is a vital source of nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to eutrophication, the formation of dead zones, groundwater contamination, degradation of drinking water quality, and increased public health risks. Various traditional methods are available for removing pollutant from wastewater, but many are either cost-ineffective or unsustainable. Among biological methods, the use of aquatic macrophytes has acquired attention as an economic and sustainable solution. Pollution removal by using aquatic macrophyte is a sustainable and ecofriendly approach of wastewater treatment. Botanicals use physical, chemical and biological mechanism to remove pollutant from wastewater. Based on contaminant, aquatic macrophyte activated mechanism. phytoaccumulation, rhizofiltration, phytodegradation, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization, while supporting microbial activity in the rhizosphere for pollutant degradation and nutrient cycling are key mechanism of pollution removal from wastewater. absorption, sequestration, metabolic breakdown, and redox regulation are the main principal use by botanicals for pollution removal. To remove pollutant by this mechanism, there is a need of constructed wetlands, floating treatment wetlands and industrial effluent treatment system. Even it is cost effective and sustainable, biomass disposal and invasive species is a one of the challenges. This method shown a great potential for ecological conservation and water resource sustainability.