Aquatic macrophytes, such as water hyacinths, Lemna, and Eichhornia, exhibit exceptional proficiency in removing various contaminants, particularly nutrients, from wastewater. Their rapid growth rates supports the safe removal of the final biomass, which consists of lignocellulose with enhanced nutritional and energy properties. This obtained biomass serves as a viable source material for producing bioenergy, fertilizers, and animal feed. However, the application of macrophytes remains limited, with in-depth studies being scarce. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of aquatic macrophytes in eliminating heavy metals, nutrients, and organic pollutants from different types of wastewater. Additionally, it explores the conversion of biomass into animal feed for ruminants, fish, and poultry, the production of fertilizers, and the use of treated water. Furthermore, it discusses sustainable strategies for integrating macrophytes into existing wastewater management systems, emphasizing their role in promoting circular economy and environmental sustainability.