EEG source analysis enables the study of cognitive and physiological processes closer to their origin within the brain. To that end, it combines anatomical information, usually derived from participant-specific or template MRI segmentations of the head and inner layers of tissue, with EEG signals using mathematical methods that transform the latter into a functional brain imaging modality. This chapter will touch on the fundamentals of EEG source analysis, including its modeling assumptions, representative source localization algorithms, and source-level statistical inference and connectivity.