This chapter provides data on several long-term trends. These include the transition from an economy based mainly on the production of goods to one that primarily produces services, especially healthcare. In addition, the change in the distribution of income in favor of the top group and the failure of the poverty rate to fall are illustrated. The decline in unionization in the private sector is shown as the number of union members in the public sector exceeds the number in private employment. Long run trends in educational attainment, female force participation, and life expectancy are included.