The promise of digital pedagogy is dependent on reliable, accessible, and equitable technological infrastructure. However, gaps in device availability, internet speed, software, and institutional support persist, resulting in unequal learning environments, especially in underserved or rural areas. These infrastructural and technical deficiencies create substantial challenges to the effective adoption and evaluation of digital learning systems. The phrase “infrastructure gap” refers to disparities in the availability and quality of infrastructure, including hardware such as computers, tablets, and cellphones. Connectivity (reliable internet and data coverage). Electricity supply (particularly in rural or poor areas). Software and platforms (Licensed versus Open-Source Tools). Technical help and maintenance. And digital training and assistance for students and teachers [1] (see Fig. 11.1).