The Automaticity of Intuitions
摘要
Moral intuitions have been characterized by many as automatic mental states, arising rapidly and spontaneously into consciousness. The goal of this chapter is to provide a systematic analysis of the automaticity of intuitions, surveying scientific tools to measure it in moral contexts. After clarifying the psychological meaning of moral intuition (Sect. 1.1), I argue that automaticity is a gradable and multifaceted construct, defined by four components—speed, efficiency, uncontrollability, and unconsciousness (Sect. 1.2). Given its gradable nature, it is essential to contrast moral intuition with less automatic evaluations such as reflective judgments, even though this distinction proves complex (Sect. 1.3). Finally, I examine specific automatic processes underlying moral intuitions, focusing on the roles of emotions, heuristics, and categorizations by template comparison (Sect. 1.4). While these three processes overlap, it will emerge from the discussion that template-based categorization offers the most comprehensive and fine-grained account of moral intuitions’ automaticity, effectively integrating key characteristics across these mechanisms.