Agricultural waste has the characteristics of natural carbon neutrality and stable output guarantee, which provides an effective way to cope with the current climate change and energy crisis. However, in actual production, the proportion of agricultural waste used for power generation is low. In order to improve the current situation of insufficient fuel supply in power plants and the reduction of income caused by the decline of national compensation, this chapter takes the straw direct combustion power generation supply chain as the research object. First, the economic costs of each stage are considered, including the collection, transportation, storage, and power generation processes. Then, combined with the carbon emissions of coal-fired power plants and straw power plants in the whole life cycle, the market carbon price is taken into account. The Stackelberg master-slave game model under decentralized decision-making mode and the overall revenue model of supply chain under centralized decision-making mode are constructed, respectively. By comparing and analyzing the optimal solution of the model, it is found that in the case of centralized decision-making, the amount of straw in the supply chain increases significantly, and the total revenue is improved. Then, based on the supply of centralized decision-making, the revenue-sharing contract is used for coordination. Through the combination design of contract parameters and acquisition price, the total revenue of centralized decision-making is redistributed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified by numerical calculation. The results show that the revenue-sharing contract can bring more straw raw materials to the power plant and improve the total revenue of the supply chain. At the same time, the reasonable combination of straw purchase price and revenue-sharing coefficient can also improve the revenue of each participating member in the supply chain to achieve a win-win situation.