Introduction and Problem Statement
摘要
This chapter introduces the central theme of the book: the fragmented nature of Iranian identity and its complex formation through competing religious, national, and ideological discourses. It outlines the research problem, which lies in understanding how post-revolutionary Iran oscillates between pluralistic claims and exclusive practices of identity politics. The introduction presents the historical background of identity construction in Iran, emphasising how modernisation, nationalism, and Islamism have shaped the nation’s self-perception. It also defines the main research questions, methodology, and theoretical frameworks used in the book, such as discourse theory, relative deprivation, and elite theory. The chapter establishes the need for a comprehensive sociopolitical examination of Iranian identity beyond reductionist cultural or ethnic explanations.