This chapter examines the historical origins, evolving roles, and enduring legacy of the Kuloghlis in Libya within the broader context of Ottoman rule in the Maghreb. Unlike European colonisation, Ottoman governance was largely legitimised through religious solidarity and local collaboration, producing what has been termed Pax Turcica. The Kuloghlis, descendants of Ottoman soldiers and local women, emerged as a distinctive socio-political group whose influence persisted from the sixteenth century through the late Ottoman era and beyond. Drawing on the works of historians such as Aziz Samih, Magaly Morsy, Ahmet Kavas, and Tevfik Karasapan, this chapter analyses their contested origins, their integration into Ottoman administrative and military structures, and their prominent role during pivotal moments, including the Hamidiye Regiments and the Ottoman-Italian War. Beyond their military contributions, the Kuloghlis shaped cultural, educational, and political life, with their presence extending into the era of Libya’s independence and continuing through modern-day ties with Türkiye. By tracing their trajectory, this study highlights the Kuloghlis as a crucial yet understudied link between past Ottoman authority and contemporary Turkish-Libyan relations.