Wood sawdust and tree pruning residues are underutilized bioresources that can be converted into valuable bioproducts, addressing raw material shortage and reducing municipal pruning costs. These residues are an abundant source of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), making them an ideal source for a range of applications, including composting, fuel production, and animal bedding, offering a versatile and sustainable solution for various industries. Cellulose can be converted into biopolymers, natural fabrics, and biomedical devices, while hemicellulose can be converted into fermentable carbohydrates for biofuels and biochemicals. Lignin has potential applications in energy, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and environmental pollution, and promotes sustainable development. The increasing demand for sustainable solutions in waste management and renewable energy has highlighted the potential of lignocellulosic biomass as a valuable resource generated from wood sawdust and tree pruning residues, generally considered as waste, which offer an abundant and renewable feedstock to produce biopolymers, biofuels, nano compounds, aromatic compounds, and other high-value bioproducts. This book chapter explores the potential applications of these residues, their conversion into valuable bioproducts, and their significance in the circular economy. Wood sawdust and tree pruning, rich in lignocellulosic biomass, can be transformed into bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biochar, compost, biofilms, hydrogels, and other industrially and agriculturally relevant materials.