This chapter explores the potential of biogas production from industrial effluents as a sustainable and versatile energy source. It provides a comprehensive overview of the global biogas landscape, emphasizing regional developments, policies, and technological advancements. The chapter details the anaerobic digestion (AD) process and characterizes various industrial feedstocks—such as livestock manure, sewage sludge, food and crop waste, and residues from the food, beverage, pulp, and paper industries—highlighting their biogas yields, challenges, and opportunities. Emphasis is placed on co-digestion strategies, biodigester technologies, and biogas upgrading techniques that enhance methane content and usability. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the valorization of byproducts, particularly digestate and captured CO₂, within the framework of circular economy principles. By integrating case studies, technical data, and economic considerations, the chapter illustrates how biogas production from industrial waste streams can support climate change mitigation, promote energy security, and foster sustainable industrial development.