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Biofuels can be classified into four different categories or “generations”, depending on the feedstock used or the technology employed in the production process. First-generation biofuels are the conventional fuels produced from food crops, while second-generation biofuels are derived from nonfood biomass, specifically lignocellulose-rich agricultural residues or energy crops. Third-generation biofuels, in turn, are produced essentially from algal biomass, and fourth-generation fuels focus on carbon capture technologies and engineered crops or microorganisms, being potentially carbon negative. First-generation biofuels hold the largest market share, benefiting from decades of production that have led to process optimization and a well-established industrial infrastructure. This chapter will describe the main aspects of first-generation liquid biofuels, including bioethanol, biodiesel, and bio-jet fuels.

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First-Generation Biofuels

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Susan Grace Karp,
  • Mariana Zanlorenzi Weber,
  • Rafael Novaes Barros,
  • Maísa Emanuelle Colodel,
  • Araceli Shissel Hong Cabrera,
  • Felipe Marcondes Stival,
  • Pedro Henrique Martins Mussi Corrêa,
  • Laura Sebben Galarce,
  • Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski,
  • Carlos Ricardo Soccol

摘要

Biofuels can be classified into four different categories or “generations”, depending on the feedstock used or the technology employed in the production process. First-generation biofuels are the conventional fuels produced from food crops, while second-generation biofuels are derived from nonfood biomass, specifically lignocellulose-rich agricultural residues or energy crops. Third-generation biofuels, in turn, are produced essentially from algal biomass, and fourth-generation fuels focus on carbon capture technologies and engineered crops or microorganisms, being potentially carbon negative. First-generation biofuels hold the largest market share, benefiting from decades of production that have led to process optimization and a well-established industrial infrastructure. This chapter will describe the main aspects of first-generation liquid biofuels, including bioethanol, biodiesel, and bio-jet fuels.