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The detection of the 1.420 GHz hydrogen line emitted by the Milky Way shows significant challenges due to the weak nature of the signal and the presence of background noise. This study evaluates various spectral estimation techniques to enhance the detectability of this signal. A radio telescope system composed by a 2.5 m parabolic dish, RF conditioning stages with 70 dB gain, and a digital receiver is developed to capture the astronomical signal. Both classical (Bartlett, Welch, and Correlogram) and parametric (Burg and Yule-Walker) Power Spectral Density (PSD) estimation methods are implemented and compared using real data captured in Quito, Ecuador. Results indicate that, while parametric methods offer high spectral resolution, they are less effective at noise suppression. The correlogram method achieves the best balance, offering an improvement of 7.62 dB between signal and noise, making it the most suitable for hydrogen line detection.

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Spectral Estimation for Hydrogen Line Detection in the Milky Way

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Fernando Lara,
  • Aldrin Reyes,
  • Daniel Altamirano,
  • Darwin Mena,
  • Hernan Barba Molina,
  • Ericson Lopez

摘要

The detection of the 1.420 GHz hydrogen line emitted by the Milky Way shows significant challenges due to the weak nature of the signal and the presence of background noise. This study evaluates various spectral estimation techniques to enhance the detectability of this signal. A radio telescope system composed by a 2.5 m parabolic dish, RF conditioning stages with 70 dB gain, and a digital receiver is developed to capture the astronomical signal. Both classical (Bartlett, Welch, and Correlogram) and parametric (Burg and Yule-Walker) Power Spectral Density (PSD) estimation methods are implemented and compared using real data captured in Quito, Ecuador. Results indicate that, while parametric methods offer high spectral resolution, they are less effective at noise suppression. The correlogram method achieves the best balance, offering an improvement of 7.62 dB between signal and noise, making it the most suitable for hydrogen line detection.