Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women. The incidence and mortality rates remain high, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. The objective was to analyze the risk factors associated with cervical cancer in women from urban marginal neighborhoods in Tungurahua, Ecuador. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted, including 252 women from urban and rural communities in Tungurahua Province, who met Papanicolaou test requirements and provided clinical and epidemiological information after signing informed consent. The age range of sexual debuts ranged from 6 to 36 years, with a mean age of 18.8 years. The data indicates that 25% of women have engaged in sexual activity before reaching the age of 17. Statistically significant differences were observed between the age at sexual debut and the age group in which the females were classified, p = 0.0232. Abnormal PAP test results were associated with having two or more sexual partners. This association was found in 50% of the women in the study. However, there was no statistically significant difference between women who had only one sexual partner. Studies are recommended to determine the presence of HPV infection, which is the highest risk factor for cervical cancer. Despite an estimated global prevalence of cervical cancer, little is known about its determinants in Ecuador’s rural settings.