Sexually deviant behavior among Indian adolescents is a critical, yet under-researched, public health, and criminological issue. This chapter provides an introduction to the extent of sexually harmful behavior in the Indian context, the prevalence, developmental patterns, and its relation with sociocultural, economic, and legal frameworks. India’s peculiar cultural scenario with patriarchal structures, wide economic disparities, and regional differences has a profound impact on adolescents’ sexual behavior and response to deviance. Despite increasing trends of sexual behaviors with high risk, complete data and culturally appropriate assessment frameworks are lacking. This chapter establishes the necessity of a developmental criminology approach to understand the impact of criminogenic and demographic factors on sexually deviant behavior among late adolescents aged 16–18 years. The research objectives are aimed at identifying developmental pathways and risk factors and their implications throughout the life course. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining the use of qualitative interviews, thematic analysis, and projective assessments using the Draw-A-Figure Test, this book adds a triangulated methodology to close critical research gaps.