This chapter is an in-depth exploration of Prehistoric Painting: Lascaux; Or, The Birth of Art. It includes discussion of the production of the book, the historical context, Georges Bataille’s thesis on the birth of art, and the philosophical and anthropological works he drew on in constructing his narrative. The chapter also includes a section on the book’s flawed presentation inside Bataille’s Œuvres Complètes, making the argument that the visual artifact in Bataille’s œuvre has been repeatedly misunderstood.