This chapter explores resilience in West Africa, focusing on the Sahel and surrounding states including Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Senegal. The region is defined by environmental degradation, desertification, violent conflict, and high levels of forced migration. Natural capital is severely threatened by advancing desertification, while human capital is eroded by conflict-driven displacement and limited access to education. Financial capital relies heavily on remittances, microfinance, and informal economies, while physical capital remains weak due to underdeveloped infrastructure. Social capital, however, emerges as a key buffer, as extended family networks, ethnic alliances, and religious associations help communities navigate chronic insecurity. The chapter illustrates these dynamics through case studies: Niger’s pastoralists adapting to restricted mobility and Nigeria’s internally displaced communities struggling with livelihood reconstruction. Migration is portrayed as both an adaptive strategy and a stressor on host communities. The chapter argues that resilience in West Africa hinges on bolstering social cohesion, enhancing conflict mediation, and improving governance through regional institutions like ECOWAS. It emphasizes that resilience must be anchored in both local innovations and broader structural reforms addressing insecurity and ecological fragility.