East Africa’s diverse ecological zones, recurrent climatic shocks, and socio-political volatility provide a unique lens for examining resilience. This chapter reviews the region’s capitals across Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia, Rwanda, and Burundi. Natural capital is central but fragile, with droughts, floods, and locust invasions undermining agricultural productivity. Human capital is marked by health and education inequalities, though enriched by indigenous knowledge systems. Financial capital is boosted by innovative platforms such as mobile money (e.g., M-Pesa), which enhance adaptive flexibility. Social capital remains pivotal, as ethnic, religious, and kinship networks help communities share risks and mobilize resources. Physical capital is uneven, with fragile rural infrastructure contrasting with urban centers. The chapter emphasizes adaptive practices such as Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme and Kenya’s pastoralist strategies, highlighting gendered dimensions of resilience where women play critical roles in agriculture and water management. By analyzing community-based adaptation, institutional interventions, and transboundary issues, the chapter underscores that resilience in East Africa emerges from the fusion of traditional knowledge, social networks, and innovative financial tools. It concludes with a call for integrating indigenous systems with modern governance to foster equitable resilience pathways.