Existing western standards for journalism tout “objectivity” based solely on so-called expert sources: corporate PR, politicians, government agencies. We know those have been repeatedly shown to be suspect as factual sources: recall claims of WMD and incubator babies in Iraq; Hillary Clinton’s claims about “Viagra-fueled rapes by Libyan soldiers”; beheaded babies in Gaza, support for genocide and electoral politics, among many others. Thus, commercial media frames define and promote preferred actions and dominant ideologies as shown in US commercial media support for electoral politics and the Israeli genocide. Herman and Chomsky’s Manufacturing Consent (1988) offered a political economy-based propaganda model—identifying ownership, advertising, sources, PR lobbying, and ideology as news filters. This includes a concentrated media monopoly, based on advertising and mass audiences of readers and viewers, promoting entertainment and consumerism. Essentially, Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky are suggesting that commercial media represent a conservative partisan journalism, which defends and promotes the policies and economic interests of corporations, business elites, and their elected politicians. In fact, with the dominance of media monopolies in most nations, conservative partisan journalism may well be dominant globally.

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Introduction

  • Lee Artz

摘要

Existing western standards for journalism tout “objectivity” based solely on so-called expert sources: corporate PR, politicians, government agencies. We know those have been repeatedly shown to be suspect as factual sources: recall claims of WMD and incubator babies in Iraq; Hillary Clinton’s claims about “Viagra-fueled rapes by Libyan soldiers”; beheaded babies in Gaza, support for genocide and electoral politics, among many others. Thus, commercial media frames define and promote preferred actions and dominant ideologies as shown in US commercial media support for electoral politics and the Israeli genocide. Herman and Chomsky’s Manufacturing Consent (1988) offered a political economy-based propaganda model—identifying ownership, advertising, sources, PR lobbying, and ideology as news filters. This includes a concentrated media monopoly, based on advertising and mass audiences of readers and viewers, promoting entertainment and consumerism. Essentially, Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky are suggesting that commercial media represent a conservative partisan journalism, which defends and promotes the policies and economic interests of corporations, business elites, and their elected politicians. In fact, with the dominance of media monopolies in most nations, conservative partisan journalism may well be dominant globally.