This study investigates the spatial distribution of water anomalies and their impact on paddy yield along the Huruluwewa Right Bank Irrigation Canal (HWRBIC). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) water availability and paddy yield decrease from head to tail along the canal, and (2) yields are higher in the maha season compared to the yala season. The analysis separates the two seasons due to their distinct water sources, with maha relying on rain and yala on irrigation. Contrary to the first hypothesis, the study found no significant decrease in water availability or yield from head to tail. Instead, there was a subtle increase in water availability, yield, and Crop Water Productivity (CWP) from head to tail, linked to groundwater use, adaptive strategies, and socio-economic resilience. Surprisingly, tail-end farmers exhibited better socio-economic adaptability, using education, off-farm employment, and diversification to manage water deficits. The second hypothesis was also disproven, as the yala season showed higher yields than maha due to consistent irrigation. The maha season, however, faced challenges like drought and irregular rainfall. The study calls for adaptive strategies, including improved irrigation, climate-resilient crops, and revised planting schedules to optimize yields in both seasons.