Water supply is the most essential provision for any human habitation. Since it has a strong bearing on human health and wellbeing it is a fundamental duty of the state to provide equitable distribution of the service to all its population. However, the provision of this essential service is rarely even for all. Inequity is predominant at various levels, between the rich and the poor, the valued and the marginalised, and those living in water-rich regions to residents of arid areas. The disparity is perhaps the gravest and most conspicuous between the rural and urban areas. The disproportion of the provision in water supply between rural and urban areas is a common phenomenon in the global south and is also present in most parts of India. The current paper tries to analyse the spatial heterogeneity of the rural–urban inequality of water supply provisions in the state of West Bengal, India. The study focuses on the extent of disparity in both coverage and accessibility to water during the period 2001–2011 and tries to explore the factors contributing to such variations. It also examines the inequality across regions and districts to provide a better understanding of the differential. The current paper analyzed the disparity status with the Census of India data (2001 and 2011) on household amenities and assets of West Bengal. Spatial patterns of urban–rural disparity in water supply provisions were examined through statistical analyses of the data and GIS mapping. The methodology adopted to evaluate the rural–urban disparity in water provisions was the calculation of the Disparity Index. Results indicated spatial heterogeneity in rural–urban access and availability to water supply across the state with the most alarming differences found in the southern districts and the dry western parts of the state. Assuming, least urban–rural disparity as a basic policy goal for universal access, improved and equitable future allocations in water supply resources, in both rural and urban areas, is strongly recommended.