‘Silo Quaking’ Dynamic Characteristics in Bins and Silos
摘要
This chapter examines the phenomenon commonly referred to as silo quaking, self excited, low frequency dynamic loads that arise during gravity discharge of bulk solids from bins and silos. The physical mechanisms responsible for pulsating or cyclic flow are described, with particular emphasis on density changes, dilation, and stick–slip mobilisation of internal and wall friction. Experimental observations from pilot scale silos are reviewed to illustrate characteristic pressure, shear stress and acceleration responses during filling, storage and discharge. Analytical models are presented to predict shock load amplitudes and pulse periods, highlighting the dominant influence of surcharge head, wall friction, discharge velocity and silo geometry. The chapter shows that dynamic loads may increase exponentially with height above the hopper transition and that pulse periods are governed primarily by the average flow velocity. Several industrial case studies are used to demonstrate practical consequences, structural vibration and mitigation strategies. The material provides designers and operators with a framework for understanding, predicting and managing dynamic loads in silos.