Design and Performance of Funnel-Flow and Expanded-Flow Bins and Gravity Reclaim Stockpiles
摘要
This chapter presents a comprehensive treatment of the design and performance of funnel-flow and expanded-flow bins, together with gravity reclaim stockpiles handling cohesive bulk solids. The mechanisms of rathole formation during funnel-flow are reviewed, and analytical procedures for predicting critical rathole dimensions, draw-down, and live storage capacity are described. Classical funnel-flow theory based on Jenike’s approach is examined, including its limitations when applied to large-scale storage systems where high consolidation stresses prevail. To address these limitations, the hoop stress theory is introduced, incorporating mean consolidation stresses and circumferential strength effects to provide more realistic predictions of rathole geometry and draw-down behaviour. Experimental studies on model bins and stockpiles are presented to illustrate the influence of geometry, height, and outlet configuration on reclaim efficiency. The chapter also discusses stockpile consolidation stresses, base loads, and surcharge effects relevant to reclaim hopper and feeder design. Industrial case studies demonstrate the applicability and improved accuracy of the revised design methodology for predicting live capacity and draw-down performance.