A Permissioned Blockchain Integrated IoT and Edge Intelligence Framework for Smart Agriculture
摘要
With the development and continuous growth of IoT in smart agriculture environments, several limitations and issues related to security and privacy have been identified. To overcome these limitations, blockchain has been introduced as it is used to provide security and control the agricultural data. Blockchain integrated with IoT to provide better performance in managing smart agriculture effectively compared to the traditional method. We are proposing a new blockchainbased framework to protect data collected from sensors installed in the agricultural land in a distributed manner, which provides security, privacy, and integrity. Instead of relying on the public Ethereum network, we use the integration of a permissioned blockchain (Hyperledger Fabric) and Internet of Things Application (IOTA) based Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) for managing and storing sensordriven farming data. Hyperledger Fabric, being a permissioned blockchain, eliminates gas fees and provides controlled access so that only authorized participants, such as farmers, regulators, and security providers, can interact with the network. This not only improves privacy but also ensures a high transaction acceptance rate of more than 95% with reduced latency in the range of 100–300 ms, far faster than Ethereum’s block confirmation time. The main aim is to design and implement a secure, privacypreserving, and efficient blockchainbased framework for managing IoTdriven smart agriculture data by integrating Hyperledger Fabric and IOTA’s Directed Acyclic Graph.