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In the contemporary technological milieu, embedded systems must operate with minimal power consumption while maintaining reliable performance. This need is particularly critical in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, characterized by billions of interconnected devices functioning in resource- constrained environments. These devices demand optimized power, area, and performance to ensure efficiency and sustainability. Multiplexers play a vital role in performing switching operations among processor components, directly influencing system performance and energy usage. For IoT processors, where power efficiency is crucial, designing a low-power multiplexer becomes essential to extend battery life and minimize energy consumption without compromising computation. This study presents the design and implementation of a low-power 8- to-1 multiplexer tailored for IoT applications using Perpendicular Nanomagnetic Logic (pNML) technology through the MagCAD tool. The proposed architecture achieves approximately 75% higher efficiency than state-of-the-art designs, with an energy consumption of ~0.2005 fJ (1251.42 eV) and power dissipation of 0.4221 nW, demonstrating excellent suitability for compact, energy-constrained IoT processors.

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Energy-Efficient Multiplexer Design for Resource-Constrained IoT Processors Using out-of-Phase Nano Magnets

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • S. Kumar,
  • Bandan Kumar Bhoi,
  • Ellapu Suchitra

摘要

In the contemporary technological milieu, embedded systems must operate with minimal power consumption while maintaining reliable performance. This need is particularly critical in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, characterized by billions of interconnected devices functioning in resource- constrained environments. These devices demand optimized power, area, and performance to ensure efficiency and sustainability. Multiplexers play a vital role in performing switching operations among processor components, directly influencing system performance and energy usage. For IoT processors, where power efficiency is crucial, designing a low-power multiplexer becomes essential to extend battery life and minimize energy consumption without compromising computation. This study presents the design and implementation of a low-power 8- to-1 multiplexer tailored for IoT applications using Perpendicular Nanomagnetic Logic (pNML) technology through the MagCAD tool. The proposed architecture achieves approximately 75% higher efficiency than state-of-the-art designs, with an energy consumption of ~0.2005 fJ (1251.42 eV) and power dissipation of 0.4221 nW, demonstrating excellent suitability for compact, energy-constrained IoT processors.