Abacus learning improves calculation speed, memory retention, and concentration. However, learners often encounter difficulties with specific operations, leading to reduced learning efficiency and repetitive practice of similar operations, which can cause mental fatigue and a decline in motivation. To address these challenges, this study proposes CalcQuest, a gamified learning support system designed to help learners overcome operational weaknesses through structured and engaging practice. CalcQuest incorporates an abacus board recognition system using a document camera with AR markers, a mechanism for detecting operational weaknesses and generating personalized problems, and a gamified user interface to integrate these components. Through a two-week exploratory study with six novice learners, we compared CalcQuest with a baseline system in terms of calculation accuracy, calculation speed, and observed behavioral trends. The results suggest the potential of integrating personalized feedback and gamification to support abacus learning.