Marine robotics face a range of versatile and interdisciplinary challenges that limit their broader application in oceanographic research and operations. This study critically examines the technical constraints, environmental factors, and regulatory shortcomings that collectively impede the development and deployment of marine robotic systems. Using an integrated dataset—including current technological capabilities, field performance metrics, stakeholder insights, and relevant policy frameworks—this research identifies core limitations and forward-looking ambitions within the field. The findings indicate that while advances in autonomous navigation and sensor technology offer significant potential, deployment continues to be disrupted by the lack of standardized regulations and the demanding conditions of marine environments. Furthermore, the incorporation of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning is projected to substantially improve operational efficiency and the quality of data collection in marine settings. These developments are particularly pertinent to applications in environmental monitoring in remote regions and search-and-rescue operations. This paper contributes to the academic and practical understanding of marine robotics, emphasizing the need for cohesive regulatory structures and the adoption of innovative technologies to enhance system functionality and promote interdisciplinary collaboration.