The chapter presents a detailed statistical and case-based overview of crimes classified as extremism-related, including hate crimes, terrorism, and incitement to hatred. It compares prosecution rates, conviction trends, and sentencing across different countries. A special section is dedicated to analysing the sharp increase in anti-Semitic and Islamophobic incidents following the Gaza conflict in October 2023 and the specific challenges in prosecuting online extremism and non-violent extremist offences.