This research constructs and applies a data collection instrument for the study of humanitarian supply chain management. The instrument, based on quantitative and qualitative methodologies, identifies and incorporates the constructs that can impact the response capacity to disaster threats, based on the Chilean experience in natural disasters, but applicable in any country. The main objective is to have an instrument to evaluate the critical success factors that influence disaster response capacity and contribute to the improvement of risk management strategies. Using a mixed methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study designed and validated a data collection instrument to assess critical success factors in humanitarian supply chain management. The instrument was developed based on a systematic review of the literature and the study of lessons learned in Chile. A pilot test was carried out with key actors, evaluating reliability by using Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, factor analysis was applied to confirm its structure and adjust its dimensions. The validated tool provides a solid basis for future research in this area. The critical success factors identified were: (1) Organizational Structure, (2) Coordination and Communication, (3) Quality of Information, (4) Available Resources, (5) Public Education, (6) Donations Management, and (7) Responsiveness. The data collection instrument was successfully validated, demonstrating high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha >0.70) and coherent structure through factor analysis. The design and validation of the instrument ensure its applicability, providing a solid basis for further studies such as the application of structural equations to establish their level of criticality, laying the groundwork for improving disaster risk management.