Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) and sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca), members of the Luffa genus, are rich in dietary fiber and water, aiding hydration and digestion. This chapter outlines distribution, nutritional compositions, and bioactive compounds alongside functional properties and applications. Detailed examination includes comparative characterization of both the species, comprehensive nutritional profiling and bioactive compound inventories specific to ridge and sponge gourd, extensive documentation of functional and pharmacological properties spanning antioxidative mechanisms, anti-inflammatory and analgesic pathways, antihyperglycemic effects, hepatoprotective functions, anticancer potential etc. Tailored post-harvest management protocols, species-specific processing methodologies and applications in food and industrial sectors are also emphasized. It is revealed that evidence-based strategies for research expansion, sustainable cultivation, and commercialization of ridge and sponge gourds can be formulated by agricultural scientists and entrepreneurs through this chapter.