Qian Xuesen was an important pioneer and creator of China’s missile and aerospace technology. He also made an important contribution to the establishment and development of China’s computer industry. During the initial stage of the People’s Republic of China in the 1950–1960s, he actively suggested that the country develop computer technology. Qian also cared about the training of Chinese computer professionals and supported domestic computers to play a role in scientific research projects such as the development of missiles and aerospace technology models. On the basis of previous research, this article further studies and reveals the important role played by Qian Xuesen in the development of high-performance computing, intelligent computer research, and emerging fields of computer technology in China since the 1970s.