Accurate and systematic documentation is fundamental in research involving animals, particularly nonhuman primates, as it ensures precise data collection, supports reproducibility and fulfils ethical and regulatory requirements. This chapter provides an overview of best practices for creating and maintaining research documentation, focusing on key areas such as animal records, medical documentation, experimental procedures and equipment maintenance. It outlines the underlying principles of good documentation and offers guidance on the organisation and management of records. In doing so, the chapter establishes a framework for consistent, transparent and compliant research documentation that supports both scientific integrity and animal welfare.