Industry 5.0 leads to new challenges in production planning and control, as it focuses not only on economically efficient production processes but also on sustainability, resilience and a people-centered approach. The aim of this research is to propose a process model for making production systems more resilient using an iterative approach. This approach focuses on resilience as one of the requirements of Industry 5.0, utilizing discrete event simulation as digital technology. The process model is evaluated within a case study. The results of the case study show that for the present multi-criteria optimization problem a solution can be found, that improves the defined key performance indicators addressing efficiency and resilience. Furthermore, the case study shows the potential of dynamically questioning the production processes using a simulation-based approach, as it leads to more resilient and hence sustainable production in the long term, which also takes economic efficiency into account. Therefore, the proposed approach opens up new perspectives for tackling the challenges of Industry 5.0.