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The advent of autonomous vehicles is a disruptive change in transportation, bringing benefits such as enhanced safety, increased efficiency, and greater convenience. However, the growing reliance on complex software, ubiquitous connectivity, and large sensor suites exposes these vehicles to a potentially evolving range of cybersecurity threats. In this paper, we review the most relevant security protocols and frameworks applied in the domain of autonomous vehicular security. Several basic security principles are covered, such as IDS solutions for the CAN bus, PKI security for V2X Communications, the ISO/SAE 21434 standard for cybersecurity engineering, the Uptake framework for secure software updates, and the emerging blockchain-based solutions. A performance comparison of the two protocols is presented considering their unique advantages, disadvantages, and realistic application scenarios. The paper ends with a review of the present state of automotive security as well as the importance of multi-dimensional defence-in-depth solutions to address the outstanding challenges and to support the safe introduction of autonomous vehicles into everyday life.

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Securing the Autonomous EV Future: Cybersecurity Frameworks for Driverless Cars

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Karthik Varma Pericharla,
  • Tapan Nahar,
  • Chandra Prakash Gupta,
  • Vishal Das

摘要

The advent of autonomous vehicles is a disruptive change in transportation, bringing benefits such as enhanced safety, increased efficiency, and greater convenience. However, the growing reliance on complex software, ubiquitous connectivity, and large sensor suites exposes these vehicles to a potentially evolving range of cybersecurity threats. In this paper, we review the most relevant security protocols and frameworks applied in the domain of autonomous vehicular security. Several basic security principles are covered, such as IDS solutions for the CAN bus, PKI security for V2X Communications, the ISO/SAE 21434 standard for cybersecurity engineering, the Uptake framework for secure software updates, and the emerging blockchain-based solutions. A performance comparison of the two protocols is presented considering their unique advantages, disadvantages, and realistic application scenarios. The paper ends with a review of the present state of automotive security as well as the importance of multi-dimensional defence-in-depth solutions to address the outstanding challenges and to support the safe introduction of autonomous vehicles into everyday life.